Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Feb 15, 20 prescribers of antimicrobial drugs have dual, somewhat contradictory responsibilities. Antibiotic resistance introduction since the first introduction of antibiotics, there has been an almost inevitable emergence of antibioticresistant bacteria, regardless of the mechanism of antimicrobial activity. Lecture notes antibiotics, toxins, and protein engineering. Tetracycline, a widely used antibiotic, is a good example of drugs that bind directly to the ribosome and thereby interfere with its function. Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, niaid from flickr. Hypersensitivity toxicity superinfections spectrum of activity. Antibiotic use in dental practice med oral patol oral cir bucal 2007. Tetracycline and other antibiotics that target the 30s ribosomal subunit. Antibiotic misuse, sometimes calledantibiotic abuse or antibiotic overuse. Antibiotic that slows bacterial growth but does not cause cell death.
Successful antimicrobial therapy occurs when an effective concentration of drug is delivered to the site of infection for a sufficient period of time. Antibiotic mediated cell death, however, is a complex process that begins with the physical interaction between a drug molecule and its specific target in bacteria, and involves alterations to the affected bacterium at the biochemical, molecular and ultrastructural levels. In order to prevent pathogen resistance, it is best to follow shorter courses of antibiotic use with duration of therapy based on the time the patient takes to achieve clinical stability. The bodys natural immune system will kill and get rid of what is left behind. Indiscriminate use promotes antibiotic resistance and unnecessarily puts patients at risk for adverse reactions. A lecture covering mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, principles behind susceptibility testing including understanding the mic, interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility reports, and the. But the efficiency of antibiotics is compromised by a growing number of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Antibiotic a microbial product or its derivative that kills or inhibits growth of a susceptible organism 3. In order to understand and use the software effectively, it is important to have a solid working knowledge of antibiotic classification.
We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. However, some important classes of antibiotics including the sulfa antibiotics, the quinolones, and. Topics discussed are definition of antibiotics, characteristics of an ideal antibiotic, history of antibiotics, discovery of the first antibiotics, penicillin, gramicidin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, etc. Reserve broad spectrum antibiotics for indicated conditions only the following information is a consensus guide. Fighting resistance requires stronger drugs and more health care, which may cause a longer recovery time. A brief introduction to a 10 lecture course on antibiotics, focusing on those used in the treatment of acute bacterial diseases. It is always the patient who didnt need the antibiotic to begin with who has the worst reaction. Not all bacterial cells within a population arenot all bacterial cells within a population are identical like a population of humans, they. Feel free to post the videos that you find useful for the. No sooner is a new agent introduced than the bacteria develops a means to resist it. Pharmacologic principles of antimicrobial therapy i. Antonie van leeuwenhoek delft, 16321723 first to observe and describe. Tetracycline binds to the 30s subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome and blocks binding of.
Bacteria, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance pdf. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This sulfa drug is available po only as a suspension and is combined with erythromycin a macrolide antibiotic to treat om in. Antibiotic lecture 5 meds free download as powerpoint presentation. However, on a cautionary note, the pathogens are fighting back and we humans are locked in a neverending arms race with these microscopic adversaries. The medicinal chemistry of antibiotics introduction the development of antibiotics over the past eight decades has been one of medicinal chemistrys greatest success stories. Bacteria, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance photo. Resistant microbes are more difficult to treat, requiring alternative medications or higher doses of antimicrobials. Julie harting focuses primarily on basic antimicrobial principles including pharmacokinetics absorption, distribution, elimination, mechanisms of bacterial resistance and reallife considerations when ordering antibiotics on rounds.
Youre going to find that i cover those same conditions for each of the different groups, and you might say, well, im just going to use this one, and that might initially be. Surveillance of antimicrobial use tracks how and why antimicrobials are being used by patients and healthcare providers. The misuse or overuse of antibiotics, mayproduce serious effects on health. Staphylococcal rosacea chronic inflammatory disorder involving the skin and eye. Antibiotic treatment is an aspect of pharmacotherapy with. If the patient suffers from renal insufficiency there may be interference with the clearing of an antibiotic. Be able to define selective toxicity and its importance to the development of antibiotics. Apr 04, 20 a lecture covering mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, principles behind susceptibility testing including understanding the mic, interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility reports, and the. Antibiotics lecture free download as powerpoint presentation.
Antibiotic resistance antibiotics lecture 9 youtube. How to educate prescribers in antimicrobial stewardship. Antibiotic resistance introduction since the first introduction of antibiotics, there has been an almost inevitable emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, regardless of the mechanism of antimicrobial activity. The aes decision process attempts to identify a phenotype for each drug class tested. Chemotherapy treatment of a disease by a chemical compound selectively directed against invading microbes or abnormal cells 2. If the drug is not present, then these resistant cells will stay few in number. Antibiotic classification and modes of action in the aes knowledge base, phenotypes are organized by drug class. Antimicrobial resistance amr or ar is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe. Drivers, dynamics and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in animal production v it is now accepted that increased antimicrobial resistance amr in bacteria affecting humans and animals in recent decades is primarily influenced by an. Cell wall synthesis, penicillins cephalosporins vancomycin betalactamase inhibitors carbapenems.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, niaid from flickr. Good morning i am studying for the naplex, i paid for the full rxprep course, i found that the lectures on antibiotic is not really good, i kept looking on youtube, until i found this lecture, really easy to understand and remember. This knowledge will facilitate rational approaches to the design of new antibiotics and the identification of new antibiotic targets on the ribosome of bacterial pathogens to overcome the increasing problem of resistance against. Best antibiotic lecture naplex 2017 student doctor. Antibiotics represent one of the most successful forms of therapy in medicine. Chemistry 259 medicinal chemistry of modern antibiotics. If the patient has a urinary tract infection use an antibiotic that is cleared through the kidneys. An antimicrobic or antimicrobial agent is a chemical substance similar to an antibiotic, but may be synthetic. Indirect effect due to perturbation of the normally protective microflora. Antibiotics naturally occurring antimicrobials metabolic products of bacteria and. How to educate prescribers in antimicrobial stewardship practices. An intoduction to clinical students of major antibiotics.
Monitoring antimicrobial prescription and consumption behaviour provides insights and tools needed to inform therapy decisions, to assess the public health consequences of antimicrobial misuse, and to evaluate the impact of resistance containment interventions. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. It is a contributing factor to the creation ofmultidrugresistant bacteria, informallycalled super bugs relatively harmlessbacteria can develop resistance tomultiple. Even on antibiotics the immune system is responsible for killing the majority of bacterial microbes. Antibiotic susceptibility screening by disk diffusion assay agar plate with lawn of bacterial growth. Best antibiotic lecture naplex 2017 student doctor network. Bacteriostatic drug may work if host defenses are adequate 3. D march 11, 2015 laura bishop julie harting focuses primarily on basic antimicrobial principles including pharmacokinetics absorption, distribution, elimination, mechanisms of bacterial resistance and reallife considerations when ordering antibiotics on rounds. Natural antibiotic resistancenatural antibiotic resistance mutations allowinggg for bacteria to grow in the presence of antibiotics already exists in the bacterial population.
If the patient has a bile tract infection, use an antibiotic that is cleared by the liver. It is intended to aid selection of an appropriate antibiotic for typical patients with infections commonly seen in general practice. May 08, 2017 this feature is not available right now. Fighting resistance requires stronger drugs and more health care, which may cause a. By senior scientist henrik hasman national food institutedtu antibiotics. A basic introductory lecture to antibiotics and antibiotic resistance from react powerpoint slides, pdf version. History of antibiotics chemistry 259 medicinal chemistry of modern antibiotics spring 2012. Antibioticmediated cell death, however, is a complex process that begins with the physical interaction between a drug molecule and its specific target in bacteria, and involves alterations to the affected bacterium at the biochemical, molecular and ultrastructural levels.
Antibiotics lecture beta lactamase antimicrobial resistance. This derives from the fact that the beginning of an antibiosis is often carried out prior to the final microbiological findings, which is available after approximately 4872 h. There are certain conditions that call for a systemic antibiotic, and what im going to cover in this lecture is the different groups of antibiotics. An antibiotic agent is usually considered to be a chemical substance made by a microorganism that can inhibit the growth or kill microorganisms. Antibiotics compounds that assist the bodys immune system in killing bacteria. Pdf this presentation may be benefit to explain antibiotic resistant to bacteria and some tips to avoid antibiotic resistant spread between. When the antibiotic is directly lethal to the bacteria causing cell death. When resistance occurs, bacteria change, survive, and multiply, causing more harm, which can make you sicker. When using antibiotics, distinctions can be made between different approaches. Compare penicillin, cephalosporin, and vancomycin briefly explain the modes of action of some antifungal drugs. Describe the mechanism of action of penicillin and the mechanism of resistance to penicillin. Background biochemistry information needed for understanding mechanisms of action of antibiotics is presented.
Paul ehrlich proposed idea of using a drug that would selectively find and kill. On the one hand they want to offer optimal therapy for the individual patient under their care. This section includes lecture topics and summaries. The term antibiotic resistance ar or abr is a subset of amr, as it applies only to bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics. Minimum effective concentrations are those needed to inhibit growth. Any large population of bacteria is likely to already have a few cells that are drug resistant.
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